How to disassemble raw x86 code

Source: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1737095/how-do-i-disassemble-raw-x86-code

objdump -D -b binary -mi386 -Maddr16,data16 mbr

--target instead of -b. -D is "disassemble the contents of all sections"; -b bfdname or --target=bfdname will force reading as specified object-code format (not elf but raw binary in our case); -m machine will specify the architecture to use (in our file there is no header with arch info). -M options are options of disassembler; addr16,data16 are used to "specify the default address size and operand size" (treat code as i8086 one in the universal x86 disasm engine) 

translate assembly to machine code

On Linux Machine:
1. write your assembly code into code.S
2. compile your code: $ gcc -c code.S
3. use objdump to see the binarry code: $ objdump -d code.o